Design of Concrete Mix by ACI method

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How to design a concrete mix.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ACI 318 Method.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Concrete Mix Design<br /><br />                    </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mix design means the selection of suitable ingredients of concrete and their relative quantities to obtain an economical concrete with values of certain properties not less than their desired minimum values, such as<br /> 1)   Workability<br /> 2)   Strength<br /> 3)   Durability<br /> 4)   <a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/10/how-to-determine-consistency-of-cement.html" target="_blank">Consistency</a><br />                                  The code criteria to be satisfied during a mix design are the maximum water /cement ratio, maximum size of aggregate and air contents within specified limits<br /> <br />                                  A concrete mix design should focus on three key issues:<br /> 1).   Does the mix meet the performance requirements of the specifications with respect to strength and other characteristics such as shrinkage, permeability, w/cm ratio, etc.?<br /> 2).   Is the trial batch test data adequate to justify the strength?<br /> 3).   Do the materials used comply with the project requirements as evidenced by test results, certifications, and product data?</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> <br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Type of cement:<br />                       </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The type of cement is selected depending upon the required rate of gain of strength, the likelihood of chemical attack and the required thermal behavior.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Example Problem:<br />               </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data Known:<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Specified strength                     = 20 MPa<br /> Required Slump                        = 50 mm<br /> Maximum size of aggregate     = 20 mm<br /> FM of fine aggregate                = 2.20<br /> Grading of aggregate as satisfied by by ASTM C33<br /> SSD specific gravity of fine and coarse aggregate    = 2.65<br /> Rodded bulk density of coarse aggregate                 = 1600 kg/cubic m</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /> Absorption Capacity of coarse aggregate                 = 0.5 %<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Absorption Capacity of fine aggregate                      = 0.7%<br /> Moisture Content of fine and coarse aggregate        = Zero<br /> Exposure Conditions = Normal <br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">             </span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOLUTION:</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <b><br />Step 1:   Specified Strength</b>.<br /> <br />          The first step is the determination of specific strength <br />            In this case the specified strength is given as 20 MPa<br /> <b><br />Step 2:   Type of Cement.</b><br /> <br />          Given exposure conditions are normal, so it is better to use Portland cement.<br /> <b><br />Step 3:   Target Strength.</b><br /> <br />          Design average strength = fcr = fc + 7.0<br />                                                           = 20 +7 = 27 MPa<br /> where,<br /> fc = Characteristic/Specified Strength of concrete.<br /> fcr = Target strength of concrete.<br /> Note:<br />           Specified Strength is the result of the actual compression testing done of properly prepared, cured and tested samples.<br />           Whereas, Target strength implies what it was supposed to be, according to its designers.<br /> If previous statistical data is not given then, the required average strength is determined according to the ACI code as follows:<br />                   fcr  ≥  fc  +  7.0 MPa     for        fc  ≤  21 MPa<br />                   fcr  ≥ fc +  8.5 MPa       for        fc  =  21 to 35 MPa<br />                   fcr  ≥ 1.1fc + 5.0 MPa   for        fc  >   35 MPa<br /> <br /> <b>Step 4:    Water/Cement Ratio</b>.<br />                                  Water/Cement ratio of the concrete mix will depend upon the target strength of concrete mix. The following table show the relationship between the two by proposed by ACI Code.<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 66.1pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Average Compressive strength at 28 days<br />                          (MPa)<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />    Effective water/cement ratio by mass <br />        for Non Air Entrained Concrete<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.38<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.43<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">35<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.48<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">30<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.62<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.70<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> As in our case the target strength is 27 MPa for which the required water/cement ratio is not given so we will find the required value using interpolation.<br /> <br />                                    Strength                             W/C ratio<br />                                      30 MPa                                 0.55<br />                                      27 MPa                                    ?<br />                                      25 MPa                                 0.62<br /> <br />                    W/C ratio   =    </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55 </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">+ (0.62-0.55) / (30-25) </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">= 0.59</span><br /> <div style="line-height: 150%;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Step 5:<br />      Water Content</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">.<br /> <br />    The water content of cement depends upon the slump value and the maximum aggregate size. The following table shows the relationship between them as proposed by the ACI code.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">   <o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 663px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 24.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Workability<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Slump)<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" valign="top" width="482"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Water Content of Concrete for Maximum Aggregate Size (mm) for Non-Air Entrained Concrete<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">30 – 50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">205<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">200<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">185<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">180<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">160<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">80 – 100<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">225<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">215<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">200<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">195<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">175<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">150 – 180<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">240<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">230<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">210<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">205<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">185<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Approximate Entrapped Air Content Percent<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 3<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 2.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 2.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 1.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 1.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Recommended Avg. Air Content percent for<br /> <b>Mild Exposure<br /> Moderate Exposure<br /> Extreme Exposure</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 4.5<br /> 6.0<br /> 7.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 4.0<br /> 5.5<br /> 7.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 3.5<br /> 5.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 3.0<br /> 4.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 2.5<br /> 4.5<br /> 5.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />     So as in our case the mixing water content for non-air entrained concrete with a slump of 50 mm and maximum aggregate of 20 mm is <b>185 kg/cubic m</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">(from table)<br /> <br /> <b>Step 6</b>:<br />       The approximate entrapped air content is <b>2%</b>.<br /> <b><br />Step 7:</b><br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">   <b>Cement Content.</b><br /> <br />      Cement content can be calculated by the ratio between water content to W/C ratio.<br />                         Cement Content = Water Content / W/C Ratio<br />                                                    = 185/0.59<br />                                                    = 314 kg/cubic meter<br /> <b>Step 8:</b><br />   Grading of coarse and fine aggregates satisfy the requirements as proposed by ACI.<br /> <br /> <b>Step 9:<br /> Mass of Coarse Aggregate.</b><br /> <br />    It depends upon maximum size of aggregate and fineness modulus of fine aggregate.<br />     The following table shows the relation as proposed by ACI.<br /> <br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" style="line-height: 150%;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maximum Size of Aggregate<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td colspan="8" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 430.55pt;" valign="top" width="574"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dry bulk volume of Rodded Coarse Aggregate per unit volume of concrete for fineness modulus of sand of:<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.0<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.0<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.56<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.54<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.52<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.50<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.48<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.46<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.44<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.65<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.64<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.63<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.61<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.59<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.57<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.72<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.70<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.68<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.66<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.64<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.62<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.60<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.77<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.76<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.73<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.73<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.69<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.67<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.65<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.81<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.79<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.77<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.75<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.73<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.69<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.84<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.83<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.82<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.78<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.76<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.74<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.72<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.86<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.85<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.85<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.84<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.82<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.78<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.76<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">150<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.91<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.90<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.89<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.88<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.87<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.85<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.86<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.81<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /><br /> In this case as maximum size of aggregate is 20 mm and fineness modulus of fine aggregate is 2.20 So dry bulk volume of the aggregate per unit volume of concrete  = <b>0.68</b>.<br /> <br />              Volume of SSD coarse aggregate required = 0.68 cubic m/cubic m of concrete<br /> <br />              Mass of coarse aggregate    =    0.68 * 1600 (Rodded bulk density of coarse<br />               aggregate)<br /> <br />             Mass of coarse aggregate    =    <b>1088 kg/cubic</b><br /> <br /> <b>Step 10:<br />  Mass of fine aggregate</b>.<br /><br />Specific gravity of fine aggregate = Yf =  2.65<br /><br /> Water content = W = 185 kg/cubic m<br /><br /> Cement content = C = 314 kg/cubic m<br /><br /> Specific gravity of cement = Y = 3.15<br /><br /> Mass of coarse aggregate = Ac = 1088 kg/cubic m<br /><br /> Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = Yc = 2.65<br /><br /> Air content = 2 %<br /> <br /> Mass of fine aggregate = Yf [ 1000- ( W + C/Y + Ac/Yc + 10A )]<br /> <br />                                      = 2.65 [1000- ( 185 + 314/3.15 + 1088/2.65 + 20 )]<br /> <br />                                      = 755 kg/cubic m<br /> <br /> <b>Step 11:</b><br /> <br />   Extra water required for absorption of Aggregate = 0.005 * 1088 (Ac) +  0.007 * 755 (Af)<br />                                                                                  = 10.73 kg/cubic m<br />    Total water content = 185 + 10.73 = 196 kg/cubic m<br /> <br /> <b>Note:</b><br /><br /> If excess water is present in the aggregate the required water is to be reduced accordingly.<br /> <br /> <b>Step 12:</b><br /> <br />  The quantities of the mix of 1.0 cubic m are as under:<br /> <br />    Cement                    :   314 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />    Fine aggregate        :   755 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />    Coarse Aggregate   :   1088 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />    Water                      :    196 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />     <b>The mix ratio is as follows :</b><br /> <br />     Cement : Fine Aggregate : Coarse Aggregate     =  314 : 755 : 1088<br />                                                                                   =     1  : 2.40 : 3.46<br /> <br />         Aggregate / Cement ratio   =  5.87<br />          W/C ratio     =   0.59</span></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> </div> </div>

Design of Concrete Mix by ACI method

How to design a concrete mix. ACI 318 Method. Concrete Mix Design                    Mix design means the selection ...

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How to determine the consistency of cement?

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">                Consistency Test</span></h2> </div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />Scope:</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br />               This method applies to common cements only. It may not apply to cements types e.g; which have a very short initial setting time.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Principle:<br /> <br />           </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cement paste of standard consistency has a specified resistance to penetration by a standard plunger. The water required for such a paste is determined by trail penetrations of pastes with different water contents.<br /> <br /> </span></div> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apparatus:</span></h2> <span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <br /> </span><br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1. Vicat Apparatus:<b>              </b></span></div> <span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b>                                     </b><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="e055n-vicat-apparatus-720x720.jpg" style='width:188.25pt;height:188.25pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Uetian\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg" o:title="e055n-vicat-apparatus-720x720"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">           </span></b><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-xlXyhgr5_AjVgTZSFY32J47gA0SHLrabHgm-kh7ByQSoQCVMx-ltInM8rVN8HFSIlBSgiYD69qvaJOHE6hCfSyvo828x2Wp7yb3j8Zh-Io-MNQj_p5KOOUGD3-ohphTO4gyEKL3pZlA/s1600/e055n-vicat-apparatus-720x720.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-xlXyhgr5_AjVgTZSFY32J47gA0SHLrabHgm-kh7ByQSoQCVMx-ltInM8rVN8HFSIlBSgiYD69qvaJOHE6hCfSyvo828x2Wp7yb3j8Zh-Io-MNQj_p5KOOUGD3-ohphTO4gyEKL3pZlA/s320/e055n-vicat-apparatus-720x720.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></b></div> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                </span></b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />            </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The plunger shall be of a non-corrodible metal in the form of a right cylinder of at least 4 45 mm effective length and of 1000 mm diameter. The total mass of the moving parts shall be 300g.<br />                 <br />                 The mould containing the paste under test shall be of hard rubber, plastic or brass. It shall be of cylindrical or preferably truncated conical form 400mm deep and shall have an internal diameter of 75-85mm.<br />                  <br />                  The base plate should be at least 25 mm thick and larger than the mould.</span><br /> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUDCqh0_6z7acll-eq4hxq_a2SUlonU92kidEAkCsk6rLXzWUo-yZNsZ4izH8ijS7LJvGoPq9ypz6boowPnxG6fcyspqbJGSgFGnK9Wv_IzAm1-7fd33uPQ5hXCXQv-K2QfsnEI_Bg3Mg/s1600/IMG_2320.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUDCqh0_6z7acll-eq4hxq_a2SUlonU92kidEAkCsk6rLXzWUo-yZNsZ4izH8ijS7LJvGoPq9ypz6boowPnxG6fcyspqbJGSgFGnK9Wv_IzAm1-7fd33uPQ5hXCXQv-K2QfsnEI_Bg3Mg/s320/IMG_2320.JPG" width="281" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRXZDApYegEpDH7t5avXUG9pX33LvF6a_ZdumBBQ0WDfLWGnv7sm-b4-qkE4h2ugZU6YyZ4RQXdPoioz8UcZ7WNS1xPbeKruDXvrYnltGNBukZykjemHjYWPn5LWunBSUM2wPDoqPqjdI/s1600/IMG_2321.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRXZDApYegEpDH7t5avXUG9pX33LvF6a_ZdumBBQ0WDfLWGnv7sm-b4-qkE4h2ugZU6YyZ4RQXdPoioz8UcZ7WNS1xPbeKruDXvrYnltGNBukZykjemHjYWPn5LWunBSUM2wPDoqPqjdI/s320/IMG_2321.JPG" width="251" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUAhY_xPoxvC7raHAT14qTVuIq_muwik8uzFmpv2s5zF-qFn074eSPm1wMbGXVNZdXZrTxkmeo6JMjt-h_ZeAJ0NCsiKHSUWc3-6ngcir5epN9hg1boG7lc8IEDQbHZpSahyDXPwiXyig/s1600/IMG_2322.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUAhY_xPoxvC7raHAT14qTVuIq_muwik8uzFmpv2s5zF-qFn074eSPm1wMbGXVNZdXZrTxkmeo6JMjt-h_ZeAJ0NCsiKHSUWc3-6ngcir5epN9hg1boG7lc8IEDQbHZpSahyDXPwiXyig/s320/IMG_2322.JPG" width="168" /></a></span></div> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">      </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="IMG_2321.JPG" style='width:194.25pt; height:221.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Uetian\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image005.jpg" o:title="IMG_2321"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                                     <!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_0" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="IMG_2322.JPG" style='width:153pt;height:227.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Uetian\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image007.jpg" o:title="IMG_2322"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2. Balance:<br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Capable of weighing to an accuracy of 1g.<br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3. Graduated cylinder:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> Capable of dispensing to an accuracy of 1 ml.<br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4. Timer:</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> Capable of measuring to an accuracy of 1 s.<br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5. Mixer, Ruler and Distilled water:<br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Procedure<b>:</b></span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> 1.     Take 500 g of cement and a quantity of water e.g.; 125 g <br /> 2.     Mix each batch of paste mechanically using a mixer.<br /> 3.     Immediately start the mixer at low speed whilst starting the timing of the mixing stage.<br />        In addition, record the time to the nearest minute</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">as ”zero time”.<br /> 4.     Stop the mixer after 90 s and remove all the paste by a suitable rubber or plastic implement and<br />        place it in<br />        a bowl.<br /> 5.     Now fill the paste with the mould. Remove any voids in the cement paste by gently tapping <br />         and level the surface of the paste with a straight edged implement.<br /> 6      Adjust the Vicat Apparatus at its zero reading.<br /> 7.     Place the mould in the center of Vicat Apparatus under the plunger.<br /> 8.     Lower the plunger gently until it is in contact with the cement paste.<br /> 9.     Allow the plunger to penetrate and take reading after 30 s of releasing the plunger.<br /> 10.   This reading indicates the distance between the bottom face of the plunger and the base plate</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<br /> <br /> Note:<br /> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Zero Time</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> is the point from where initial and final setting times are measured.<br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span></b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Observation and Calculations:</span></span><b><span style="line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span> <br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Cement type = </span><span style="line-height: 18.4px;">Sulfate</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Resistant</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Room conditions:</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Temperature = 30 C<br /> Relative Humidity = 80 %<br /> Weight of water sample = 500 g</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trial no. 1:</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />        </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">         Water  = 25 % of the weight of cement<br />                      = 125 ml<br /> Reading measured by the Vicat apparatus = 20 mm</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As the above value is greater than the standard value of 6-8 mm<br /> So, I order to increase the penetration of water we have to increase the water percentage that is used in the cement paste.</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trial no. 2:</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />           Water =  30 % of the weight of cement<br />                      = 150 g<br /> Reading measured by the Vicat apparatus = 4 mm</span><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So Standard Con</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">sistency of this cement will be 30%.</span><br /> <br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-size: 18.6667px; line-height: 21.4667px;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.4px;">It is used to <a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/10/how-to-determine-soundness-of-cement.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">determine the soundness of cement</span></a>.</span></div> <b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <br /> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Limitations:</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> </span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />The room temperature should not be more than 20-22 C otherwise it will not give accurate results.<br /></span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> </div>

How to determine the consistency of cement?

                Consistency Test Scope:               This method applies to common cements only. It may not apply to cements ty...

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How to determine the soundness of cement

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: -.5in; margin-right: 13.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: -22.5pt; margin-right: 31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 4.5pt; margin-right: 31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-indent: 9.0pt;"> <span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How to determine the soundness of cement?<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">                                      </span><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Soundness Test</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> Scope:<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">             </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">This method applies</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> to common cements only. It may not apply to cements types e.g; which have a very short initial setting time.</span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /> <br /> Principle:<br /> </span><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">          </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The soundness is determined by observing the volume expansion of cement paste of <a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/10/how-to-determine-consistency-of-cement.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">standard consistency</span></a> as indicated by the relative movement of two needles.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Apparatus:<br />  </span><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Le Chatelier Apparatus</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />                       It consists of a mold which is made up of a non-corrodible spring metal e.g; brass and having a radius of 30 mm and thickness of 0.5 mm and two indicator needles having a length of 150-165 mm. The resilience of the mold shall be such that the action of a mass of 300 g applied shall increase the distance between the indicator needles by not less than 150 mm without permanent deformation.<br /> <b><br /> 2. Water Bath</b><br />               With means of heating capable of raising the temperature of the water from 20C to boiling in 30 minutes.<br /> <b><br /> 3. Humidity Cabinet</b><br />              Maintained at 20C and 90% relative humidity. <br /> <br />                                                                       </span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiISNE81bkF08MaiLMFXJWvnr9ElXy0dlQgUu00cqy9CwbYPZBmXN45ZBF4tjRm_ocrq4NKd-gkGt-z5NlomPbjl77hvBFaSbPAPj9398sp7TajE1KHvg0yR3Vzh49s8v6eNdwJmm4SOoc/s1600/Lechatelier-Apparatus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiISNE81bkF08MaiLMFXJWvnr9ElXy0dlQgUu00cqy9CwbYPZBmXN45ZBF4tjRm_ocrq4NKd-gkGt-z5NlomPbjl77hvBFaSbPAPj9398sp7TajE1KHvg0yR3Vzh49s8v6eNdwJmm4SOoc/s400/Lechatelier-Apparatus.jpg" width="400" /></a></div> <br /> <br />                                <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpWC_yc9Ulbv8_6v3EUg1k4xUoFMCLUbi-D4XxBPaL77FmM0w3YxT3MI9JcsJttOYqA3QbmY38hHH3JBE7DbYEDpisKdO95v-2a61GOJTVnUhyu-9MURM26NY2ekpA-zUvMRdwHuZVJ0/s1600/Le-Chatelier%2527s+Apparatus1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpWC_yc9Ulbv8_6v3EUg1k4xUoFMCLUbi-D4XxBPaL77FmM0w3YxT3MI9JcsJttOYqA3QbmY38hHH3JBE7DbYEDpisKdO95v-2a61GOJTVnUhyu-9MURM26NY2ekpA-zUvMRdwHuZVJ0/s400/Le-Chatelier%2527s+Apparatus1.png" width="400" /></a><br /> <br /> <span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note:<br />      </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.   Loops shown on each side of the central split facilitates demolding of the hardened paste   specimen after test.<br /> </span><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  2.   A pair of base and cover plates of impermeable material, non-corrodible by cement paste shall be provided for each mold. Each plate shall be larger than the mold. The cover plate shall weigh at least 75 g.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Procedure:<br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  1.     Prepare a cement paste of standard consistency and fill the cement paste in the Le Chatelier mold using your hands and level the top of the surface of the mold with a straight-edged implement.<br /> <br />2.      Cover the mold with a glass plate and place weight over it.<br /><br />3.       Place this assembly in the humidity cabinet at temperature of 20C and 90% humidity.<br /><br />4.       Measure A = Distance between the indicator points/needles after 24 hours period.<br /><br />5.       Heat the mold at boiling and keep it in water for 3 hours at boiling temperature.<br /><br />6.       Measure B = Distance between the indicator points/needles after 3 hours.<br /><br />7.       Allow the mold to cool at room temperature and measure C = Distance between the indicator<br />           points/needles after cooling.<br /> <br />                                     </span><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Soundness =   C – A<br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Note:</span><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />     </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Specification Limit for cement is 10 mm. If the soundness value exceeds this limit than a retest should be done.<br />       Retest can be done on the fresh cement after storing it for 7 days in an atmosphere at 20C and not less than 50% humidity. Then retest the cement.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Calculations:<br /> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br />A = 17 mm<br /> B = 13 mm<br /> Soundness = C – A = 17-13 = 4 mm<br /> Soundness value is 4 mm < 10 mm. This indicates that expansion is less and there will be less chances of cracking .If the value comes out to be greater than 10 mm than this cement can’t be used because it will have excessive cracking.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Results:</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /><br />      For a paste of <a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/10/how-to-determine-consistency-of-cement.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">standard consistency</span></a> we measured C-A which came equal to 4 mm and less than the standard specification limit of 10 mm. Hence we can say that this cement is sound.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> </div>

How to determine the soundness of cement

How to determine the soundness of cement?                                       Soundness Test Scope:              This method ...

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Do's n Don'ts of Renovating your Home

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div id="title" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #333333; font-size: 13.8px; line-height: 20.7px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; overflow: visible; padding: 0px;"> <div class="title_box" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <div class="" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> <h1 style="clear: left; display: inline; font-size: 2.8em; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;"> Do's n Don'ts of Renovating your Home</span></h1> </div> </div> </div> <div id="hub_container" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 20.7px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px;"> <div id="hub_main" style="float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 520px;"> <div class="floatclear" style="clear: both; font-size: 13.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 520px;"> </div> <div class="modfloat right firstright" style="float: right; font-size: 13.8px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; width: 270px;"> <div class="module moduleImage" id="mod_40009194" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div id="imgs_40009194" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <div class="inline_hub_image fullWidth" id="img_url_12688031" style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; position: relative;"> </div> <div class="caption_half" id="img_desc_12688031" style="color: #888888; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 7px 0px 5px; padding: 0px 10px; text-align: center; width: 240px; word-wrap: break-word;"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="modfloat full" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <div class="module moduleText color0" id="mod_40009035" style="clear: left; font-size: 13.8px; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="txtd" id="txtd_40009035" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; padding: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEiyMBlyGsP_rkWUQALGO55tNVXzL1_rlmaxbCyKEPSl4Ihp5PvTPN9qWfupjGBTM0DGadDergM43t6Y3IwM_1b7zl0QXbwE-K7hyphenhyphen1dzCCoP1iqcWc_plghTICRxtNouH9mPCoz-ygjzhDyn47FGu_Bs=" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" border="0" class="half lazy" data-original="http://usercontent2.hubimg.com/12688031_f260.jpg" height="159" src="http://usercontent2.hubimg.com/12688031_f260.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: inline; width: 260px;" width="260" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;">          Renovating your home require a lot of thinking and decision making. You have to consider a lot a factors and have to think about it over and over again so that you do not experience any issues and regret your decision once the work has been completed. A lot of people wonder what to do and what not to do while                                                                          renovating your home.</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="module moduleText color0" id="mod_40009116" style="clear: left; font-size: 13.8px; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="txtd" id="txtd_40009116" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; padding: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">          So while renovating the home one should think about how much will it cost? and what needs to be done? So today we bring you some ideas about what to do and what not to while renovating your home.</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="module moduleText color0" id="mod_40009199" style="clear: left; font-size: 13.8px; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <h2 class="subtitle" style="font-size: 1.2em; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; padding: 0px;"> <span style="font-family: inherit;">                        What's Need To Be Done</span></h2> <div class="txtd" id="txtd_40009199" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; padding: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYfPRjY6Pc8SitYAvcpa2scB07QMEKeKpSNHhmo8ulaW64JoB_8woZ8wsFhQnUU6188JjFsX1eSrdewt82CTfAdeQQ8Y5niaNql-et6adS5qKj_LA5XirBACIKSgKGiEgZWPQMdpg5Apk/s1600/Make-money-online.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYfPRjY6Pc8SitYAvcpa2scB07QMEKeKpSNHhmo8ulaW64JoB_8woZ8wsFhQnUU6188JjFsX1eSrdewt82CTfAdeQQ8Y5niaNql-et6adS5qKj_LA5XirBACIKSgKGiEgZWPQMdpg5Apk/s200/Make-money-online.jpg" width="200" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong> 1. Set Your Monetary Allowance</strong>.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;">                   While you are renovating your house, the first thing you should do is planning and the first thing about planning is the planning of budget. You needs to be realistic about your budget and you should have a good idea of what you are planning to buy and how much will it cost and is it in your affordable range. A bit of window shopping and comparing the cost of different objects you are planning to buy will help you finalize your plan.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha79uSNBeTQVzUw1VjD7GGMjlHI3Hjvl2dCdHw22pr1uQMvy5EkSNTdJ1g2VDTvIhm-acBktoZReIrlammyofepWcKJitRV2kqK5IevIfoOnZ83RObHtEL6V4fkfkFq7G-ybZzPQ7EWHk/s1600/diy-bathroom-remodel-inside-worst-diyer-in-america-clayton-township-resident-vicki-teed-vies.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha79uSNBeTQVzUw1VjD7GGMjlHI3Hjvl2dCdHw22pr1uQMvy5EkSNTdJ1g2VDTvIhm-acBktoZReIrlammyofepWcKJitRV2kqK5IevIfoOnZ83RObHtEL6V4fkfkFq7G-ybZzPQ7EWHk/s200/diy-bathroom-remodel-inside-worst-diyer-in-america-clayton-township-resident-vicki-teed-vies.jpg" width="200" /></span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong>2. DIY Remodeling.</strong>                 An important part of your planning is knowing the limits of your DIY remodeling.You should be realistic about what you can or can't do. You might not wanna get hurt or injured doing a job which you cannot do.Like if you don't know anything about wires or electrical works then instead of doing it yourself, hire an electrician. So always know your scope of ability and look for suggestion from experienced workers or relatives.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEixT_KZViWahMha04xF8OffzlYTxx_YKU_hOuNnZKW-qzhQv4K6L3WKH8QnOiwbO2WIf80TDoGlqtqz31Xe50JYd7MxMjk6ZH5TKpld4dFWstKIC88OnXHnsGIvuY3CTZRM14xOx5wlTZtfFTTs4iN6=" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img alt="" border="0" class="full lazy" data-original="http://usercontent1.hubimg.com/12688450_f520.jpg" height="150" src="http://usercontent1.hubimg.com/12688450_f520.jpg" style="border: 0px; display: inline;" width="200" /></span></a><span style="font-family: inherit;"><strong>3. Knowing the Scope of Your Work.</strong>                                     Knowing the scope of your work is an important part of planning.You should have a clear image of what needs to be done, what is the scope of your work ,how it should be done, breaking your scope into specific tasks with deadlines and figuring out what the best way to proceed is.</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="module moduleImage" id="mod_40010668" style="clear: left; font-size: 13.8px; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div id="imgs_40010668" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <div class="inline_hub_image fullWidth" id="img_url_12688450" style="cursor: pointer; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; position: relative;"> </div> <div class="caption_full" id="img_desc_12688450" style="color: #888888; font-size: 0.857em; line-height: 1.1em; margin: 7px 0px 10px; padding: 0px 20px; text-align: center;"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="module moduleText color0" id="mod_40010671" style="clear: left; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div class="txtd" id="txtd_40010671" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"> <div style="margin-bottom: 0.75em; padding: 0px;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7R1TS7pOc0bYvGL40yXuYvx1g_jF6GwJgTKZXxWI2kOxwCWnJBaFa9PwEhodOiwSXiVQfGWlEfVsroCMc8wyzLeI5hdZ3lzvOFihKq5kQpxbLSBJCb8659Y9GUeM7IKrE5onKzXoyJJQ/s1600/60c4c24aa831a7b1d33b513ccdbfd976.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></a></div> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdhonVJq34Apym3YPaGd5KTH0z6DzdeaUGsXkZ7uyu7t05zHpOX3lncUWYjalgmKesASncfXT7rS1uMF4K5WlzmYFEFwV_g5nR-or88lbUQC76tUpDEIdwkjKb6VB_oze43RiyhkSwN-0/s1600/iStock_000057815724_Small_text-842x561.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdhonVJq34Apym3YPaGd5KTH0z6DzdeaUGsXkZ7uyu7t05zHpOX3lncUWYjalgmKesASncfXT7rS1uMF4K5WlzmYFEFwV_g5nR-or88lbUQC76tUpDEIdwkjKb6VB_oze43RiyhkSwN-0/s200/iStock_000057815724_Small_text-842x561.jpg" width="200" /></a><strong style="font-size: 13.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />4. Doing Your Prep Work.<br />                                                   </span></strong><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One very important thing that should be the part of planning list is doing the prep work. Prep work can be exceptionally disappointing and tedious. Nobody wants and likes doing it yet it saves a lot of time and money. Preparation work plays a major role for the enhanced quality, sturdiness, and longevity of project. <span style="font-family: inherit;">You n</span>eed to have a clear understanding of what to expect and what’s need to be done. You need to be thoughtful in your ideas and be prepared for any kind of problems that come your way during the remodeling process and fully dedicate yourself to the work.</span><strong><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /><br /><span style="font-size: 13.8px;">                                                                         </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">5. Shopping for your remodeling.</span></span></strong><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7R1TS7pOc0bYvGL40yXuYvx1g_jF6GwJgTKZXxWI2kOxwCWnJBaFa9PwEhodOiwSXiVQfGWlEfVsroCMc8wyzLeI5hdZ3lzvOFihKq5kQpxbLSBJCb8659Y9GUeM7IKrE5onKzXoyJJQ/s1600/60c4c24aa831a7b1d33b513ccdbfd976.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7R1TS7pOc0bYvGL40yXuYvx1g_jF6GwJgTKZXxWI2kOxwCWnJBaFa9PwEhodOiwSXiVQfGWlEfVsroCMc8wyzLeI5hdZ3lzvOFihKq5kQpxbLSBJCb8659Y9GUeM7IKrE5onKzXoyJJQ/s200/60c4c24aa831a7b1d33b513ccdbfd976.jpg" width="200" /></a></div> <div style="text-align: left;"> <strong style="font-size: 13.8px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">                                                    </span></strong><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Pla</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">nning what you need to buy is an important aspect of your do’s list. You will not want to save money on mate</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">rials that ultimately has adverse affects in your remodeling plans. So a lot of thinking and professional help is required in this regards. You don’t always get the things what you think you are buying i.e; regarding the quality so you should always have someone who is experienced and can guide you through all the process. Window shopping and comparing the values of different objects gives an overall estimation of the things. Buying salvaged can often get you better quality materials and that too on less money moreover always buy extra material than your estimated quantity. Usually extra material is considered as waste but 15-20 percent extra waste is a safe bet </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">.</span></span></div> <strong style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.8px;"><br /><br /></strong><a class="twitter-timeline" data-widget-id="654279703537303552" href="https://twitter.com/Iamciv_engineer" style="line-height: normal;">Tweets by @Iamciv_engineer</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Blogger automated replacement: "https://images-blogger-opensocial.googleusercontent.com/gadgets/proxy?url=http%3A%2F%2Fusercontent1.hubimg.com%2F12688450_f520.jpg&container=blogger&gadget=a&rewriteMime=image%2F*" with "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEixT_KZViWahMha04xF8OffzlYTxx_YKU_hOuNnZKW-qzhQv4K6L3WKH8QnOiwbO2WIf80TDoGlqtqz31Xe50JYd7MxMjk6ZH5TKpld4dFWstKIC88OnXHnsGIvuY3CTZRM14xOx5wlTZtfFTTs4iN6=" --><!-- Blogger automated replacement: "https://images-blogger-opensocial.googleusercontent.com/gadgets/proxy?url=http%3A%2F%2Fusercontent2.hubimg.com%2F12688031_f260.jpg&container=blogger&gadget=a&rewriteMime=image%2F*" with "https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEiyMBlyGsP_rkWUQALGO55tNVXzL1_rlmaxbCyKEPSl4Ihp5PvTPN9qWfupjGBTM0DGadDergM43t6Y3IwM_1b7zl0QXbwE-K7hyphenhyphen1dzCCoP1iqcWc_plghTICRxtNouH9mPCoz-ygjzhDyn47FGu_Bs=" -->

Do's n Don'ts of Renovating your Home

Do's n Don'ts of Renovating your Home           Renovating your home require a lot of thinking and de...

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